Agriculture in Uganda is the most dominant sector. The Agriculture sector employs well over 80% of the available labor force in the economy of Uganda. Agriculture contributes about 31.8% of GDP in Uganda’s Economy.

This sector greatly contributes both to the export sector as well as domestic consumption.

Between 1997/1998 and 2001/2002,the  agricultural sector in Uganda grew by 22.5 percent that is an average 5.2% per annum. The highest growth rate of 5.8 percent was in 1998/1999 and the lowest growth rate of 4.6% was in the period between 2000/2002.

Agriculture in Uganda has a lot of output in areas that include cash crops, food crops, livestock, forestry and fisheries which have continued to perform very well over a period of time. The most important cash crops are coffee, tea, cotton, tobacco, and cocoa. Uganda is second only to Kenya as Africa's largest producer of tea, exporting US$17.06 million of tea in 1996 and $39 million by 1998. Unmanufactured tobacco exports provided US$9.5 million in 1998, over 25 percent more than in 1996. The export of cocoa beans hit a recent high in 1996 with US$1.07 million in export receipts, but this had declined to $0.87 million in 1998. The primary food crops, mainly for domestic consumption, include plantains, cassava, maize, millet, and sorghum. Total cereal production was 1.76 million metric tons in 1998, which provided US$17.82 million of exports in 1998. This gain was in part negated as imports of cereals were $30.9 million in the same year. The more recent development of cultivating horticultural produce includes fresh flowers, chilies, vanilla, asparagus, and medicinal plants. At the beginning of 2001 it is unclear how well horticultural production will prosper but it does indicate the economy's potential diversity. The fact that vanilla production is the third largest in Africa, providing US$930,000 in export receipts in 1998, is a success in itself.